Mesin Pencari dan Portal

Mesin pencari adalah program komputer yang dirancang untuk membantu seseorang menemukan file-file yang disimpan dalam komputer, misalnya dalam sebuah server umum di web (WWW) atau dalam komputer sendiri. Mesin pencari memungkinkan kita untuk meminta content media dengan kriteria yang spesifik (biasanya yang berisi kata atau frasa yang kita tentukan) dan memperoleh daftar file yang memenuhi kriteria tersebut. Mesin pencari biasanya menggunakan indeks (yang sudah dibuat sebelumnya dan dimutakhirkan secara teratur) untuk mencari file setelah pengguna memasukkan kriteria pencarian.

Dalam konteks Internet, mesin pencari biasanya merujuk kepada WWW dan bukan protokol ataupun area lainnya. Selain itu, mesin pencari mengumpulkan data yang tersedia di newsgroup, database besar, atau direktori terbuka seperti DMOZ.org. Karena pengumpulan datanya dilakukan secara otomatis, mesin pencari berbeda dengan direktori Web yang dikerjakan manusia.
Sebagian besar mesin pencari dijalankan oleh perusahaan swasta yang menggunakan algoritma kepemilikan dan database tertutup - yang paling populer adalah Google (MSN Search dan Yahoo! tertinggal sedikit di belakang). Telah ada beberapa upaya menciptakan mesin pencari dengan sumber-terbuka (open-source), contohnya adalah Htdig, Nutch, Egothor dan OpenFTS.
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Kebebasan itu Perlu Batasan

Kebebasan adalah sesuatu yang artinya tidak bisa didefinisikan secara sendiri, banyak arti bebas menurut pandangan masing masing pribadi. Kebebasan bisa diartikan sebagai sesuatu yang mementingkan emosi pribadi, bagaimana seseorang bisa mencapai suatu kepuasan pribadinya. Namun beberapa bentuk kebebasan sangatlah tidak dimengerti oleh masing masing individu, banyak orang yang tidak memperdulikan orang lain demi merasakan kebebasan dirinya.
Beberapa bentuk kebebasan yang didapat di internet:
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Jadwal Kuliah Universitas Gunadarma Kelas 1IA10 2010/2011

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Firefox 4 Beta version 9: released January 14, 2011


About this release

Firefox 4 Beta is based on the Gecko 2.0 Web platform. Please read below for more detailed information about what's new in this version of the beta release, as well as the known issues.
This Firefox 4 Beta is considered to be stable and safe to use for daily web browsing, though the features and content may change before the final product release. At this time many Add-ons may not yet have been tested by their authors to ensure that they are compatible with this release. If you wish to help test Add-on compatibility, please install the Add-on Compatibility Reporter - your favorite Add-on author will appreciate it!
Check out what’s new, the known issues and frequently asked questions about the latest version of Firefox. Please tell us what you think using the feedback tools provided as part of the beta. We appreciate your input!
As well as these features from previous Firefox 4 Betas:
  • Firefox 4 Beta is available in 76 languages
  • The Firefox Sync setup experience has been greatly improved across desktop and mobile devices
  • Speed, functionality, and compatibility improvements to WebGL
  • Additional polish for the Firefox Add-ons Manager
  • Uses JägerMonkey, a new, faster JavaScript engine
  • Certain rendering operations are now hardware-accelerated using Direct3D 9 on Windows XP, Direct3D 10 on Windows Vista and 7, and OpenGL on Mac OS X
  • Improved web typography using OpenType with support for ligatures, kerning and font variants
  • HTML5 Forms API makes web based forms easier to implement and validate
  • Support for the new proposed Audio Data API
  • Direct2D Hardware Acceleration is now on by default for Windows 7 users
  • Firefox button has a new look for Windows Vista and Windows 7 users
  • Support for HSTS security protocol allowing sites to insist that they only be loaded over SSL
  • Firefox Sync is now included by default
  • A new feature gives users a visual overview of all open tabs, allowing them to be sorted and grouped
  • An experimental API is included to provide more efficient Javascript animations
  • Firefox now supports the HTML5 video "buffered" property
  • Tabs are now on top by default on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux
  • You can turn any tab into an "App Tab" by right-clicking on it and selecting "Make into App Tab" from the context menu
  • Web developers can animate content using CSS Transitions
  • Responsiveness and scrolling improvements from the new retained layers layout system
  • JavaScript speed improvements due to engine optimizations
  • Changes to how XPCOM components are registered in order to help startup time and process separation
  • You can search for and switch to already open tabs in the Smart Location Bar
  • New Addons Manager and extension management API (UI will be changed before final release)
  • Significant API improvements are available for JS-ctypes, a foreign function interface for extensions
  • The stop and reload buttons have been merged into a single button on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux
  • The Bookmarks Toolbar has been replaced with a Bookmarks Button by default (you can switch it back if you'd like)
  • Crash protection for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X when there is a crash in the Adobe Flash, Apple Quicktime or Microsoft Silverlight plugins
  • CSS Transitions are partially supported
  • Full WebGL support is included but disabled by default at this time
  • Core Animation rendering model for plugins on Mac OS X. Plugins which also support this rendering model can now draw faster and more efficiently
  • Native support for the HD HTML5 WebM video format
  • Web developers can update the URL field without reloading the page using HTML History APIs
  • More responsive page rendering using lazy frame construction
  • Link history lookup is done asynchronously to provide better responsiveness during pageload
  • CSS :visited selectors have been changed to block websites from being able to check a user's browsing history
  • New HTML5 parser
  • Support for more HTML5 form controls
  • Web authors can now get touch events from Firefox users on Windows 7 machines
  • A new way of representing values in JavaScript that allows Firefox to execute heavy, numeric code (used for things like graphics and animations) more efficiently
Developers can find out about all the changes and new features at the Mozilla Developer Center.

    click here to download


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